{"doi":"10.1002/edm2.392","title":"Growth hormone treatment does not augment the anti‐diabetic effects of liraglutide in UCD‐T2DM rats","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) slows gastric emptying, increases satiety and enhances insulin secretion. GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide, are used therapeutically in humans to improve glycaemic control and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In UCD-T2DM rats, a model of polygenic obesity and insulin resistance, we have previously reported that daily liraglutide administration delayed diabetes onset by >4 months. Growth hormone (GH) may exert anti-diabetic effects, including increasing β-cell mass and insulin secretion, while disrupting GH signalling in mice reduces both the size and number of pancreatic islets. We therefore hypothesized that GH supplementation would augment liraglutide's anti-diabetic effects. METHODS: Male UCD-T2DM rats were treated daily with GH (0.3 mg/kg) and/or liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg) from 2 months of age. Control (vehicle) and food-restricted (with food intake matched to liraglutide-treated rats) groups were also studied. The effects of treatment on diabetes onset and weight gain were assessed, as well as measures of glucose tolerance, lipids and islet morphology. RESULTS: Liraglutide treatment significantly reduced food intake and body weight and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, relative to controls. After 4.5 months, none of the liraglutide-treated rats had developed T2DM (overall p = .019). Liraglutide-treated rats also displayed lower fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations and lower hepatic TG content, compared to control rats. Islet morphology was improved in liraglutide-treated rats, with significantly increased pancreatic insulin content (p < .05 vs. controls). Although GH treatment tended to increase body weight (and gastrocnemius muscle weight), there were no obvious effects on diabetes onset or other diabetes-related outcomes. CONCLUSION: GH supplementation did not augment the anti-diabetic effects of liraglutide.","journal":"Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism","year":2022,"id":287902,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9476,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":695740,"name":"Chad L. Cox","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":438052,"name":"James L. Graham","orcid":"0000-0001-6507-8149","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":812165,"name":"Lotte Bjerre Knudsen","orcid":"0000-0002-2439-7116","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":438053,"name":"Kimber L. Stanhope","orcid":"0000-0002-2474-0914","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":968335,"name":"Kirsten Raun","orcid":"0000-0001-7605-8215","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430378,"name":"Peter J. Havel","orcid":"0000-0003-3652-8301","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":968334,"name":"Michael M. Swarbrick","orcid":"0000-0003-2838-8548","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:11.069895Z","pmid":"36480511","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}