{"doi":"10.1002/dvg.23354","title":"<scp>miR</scp>‐199 plays both positive and negative regulatory roles in <i>Xenopus</i> eye development","abstract":"To investigate microRNA (miR) functions in early eye development, we asked whether eye field transcription factors (EFTFs) are targets of miR-dependent regulation in Xenopus embryos. Argonaute (AGO) ribonucleoprotein complexes, including miRs and targeted mRNAs, were coimmunoprecipitated from transgenic embryos expressing myc-tagged AGO under the control of the rax1 promoter; mRNAs for all EFTFs coimmunoprecipitated with Ago in late neurulae. Computational predictions of miR binding sites within EFTF 3'UTRs identified miR-199a-3p (\"miR-199\") as a candidate regulator of EFTFs, and miR-199 was shown to regulate rax1 in vivo. Targeted overexpression of miR-199 led to small eyes, a reduction in EFTF expression, and reduced cell proliferation. Inhibition of interactions between mir-199 and the rax1 3'UTR reversed the small eye phenotype. Although targeted knockdown of miR-199 left the eye field intact, it reduced optic cup outgrowth and disrupted eye formation. Computational identification of candidate miR-199 targets within the Xenopus transcriptome led to the identification of ptk7 as a candidate regulator. Targeted overexpression of ptk7 resulted in abnormal optic cup formation and a reduction or loss of eye development, recapitulating the range of eye phenotypes seen following miR-199 knockdown. Our results indicate that miR-199 plays both positive and negative regulatory roles in eye development.","journal":"genesis","year":2020,"id":112261,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9651,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":531641,"name":"Christina H. Ulrich","orcid":"0000-0002-5169-9339","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":532679,"name":"Bogna Brzezinska","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":531642,"name":"Vrutant Shah","orcid":"0000-0001-5342-6513","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":532680,"name":"Melissa J. Zamora","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":507728,"name":"Lisa E. Kelly","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":531643,"name":"Heithem M. El‐Hodiri","orcid":"0000-0002-5847-4298","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":531644,"name":"Amy K. Sater","orcid":"0000-0003-0493-1729","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":532678,"name":"Ruth A. Ritter","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":57,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:13.874980Z","pmid":"31909537","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}