{"doi":"10.1002/dad2.12404","title":"Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, <i>APOE</i>, and baseline cognitive status","abstract":"Abstract Introduction Despite the association of vitamin D deficiency with incident dementia, the role of supplementation is unclear. We prospectively explored associations between vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia in 12,388 dementia‐free persons from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Methods Baseline exposure to vitamin D was considered D+; no exposure prior to dementia onset was considered D−. Kaplan–Meier curves compared dementia‐free survival between groups. Cox models assessed dementia incidence rates across groups, adjusted for age, sex, education, race, cognitive diagnosis, depression, and apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4. Sensitivity analyses examined incidence rates for each vitamin D formulation. Potential interactions between exposure and model covariates were explored. Results Across all formulations, vitamin D exposure was associated with significantly longer dementia‐free survival and lower dementia incidence rate than no exposure (hazard ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.65). The effect of vitamin D on incidence rate differed significantly across the strata of sex, cognitive status, and APOE ε4 status. Discussion Vitamin D may be a potential agent for dementia prevention. Highlights In a prospective cohort study, we assessed effects of Vitamin D on dementia incidence in 12,388 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset. Vitamin D exposure was associated with 40% lower dementia incidence versus no exposure. Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in females versus males and in normal cognition versus mild cognitive impairment. Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in apolipoprotein E ε4 non‐carriers versus carriers. Vitamin D has potential for dementia prevention, especially in the high‐risk strata.","journal":"Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring","year":2023,"id":319867,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":52,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9008,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":268016,"name":"Eric E. Smith","orcid":"0000-0003-3956-1668","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":811032,"name":"Hung‐Yu Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-8562-2113","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350812,"name":"Byron Creese","orcid":"0000-0001-6490-6037","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029644,"name":"Zahra Goodarzi","orcid":"0000-0002-8858-4076","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3086,"name":"Zahinoor Ismail","orcid":"0000-0002-5529-3731","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029643,"name":"Maryam Ghahremani","orcid":"0000-0001-8063-713X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:07:17.361058Z","pmid":"36874594","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}