{"doi":"10.1002/cre2.70259","title":"Tissue Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Properties of Sympathomimetic Nasal Solutions for Potential Use in Dental Pulpal Management","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Sympathomimetic nasal solutions (SNS), containing oxymetazoline or phenylephrine, may be used directly onto dental pulp tissue and initiate hemostasis via activation of alpha-receptors that innervate arteriole smooth muscles. The aim of this study was to assess these SNS's biocompatibility with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and ability to kill a deep caries-associated pathogen, Rothia dentocariosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test assessed SNS zones of inhibition (ZOI) toward R. dentocariosa growth on agar plates. Over-the-counter (OTC) SNS containing 0.025% and 0.05% oxymetazoline (NS-OXY-kids, NS-OXY-original) and 1% phenylephrine (NS-PHE) were tested along with ingredients found in these nasal solutions: 0.025%, 0.05% oxymetazoline; 0.0125%, 0.025% benzalkonium chloride; and 0.2%, 1% phenylephrine (PHE). A second antimicrobial broth inhibition assay examined effects on R. dentocariosa planktonic growth. A 24-h recovery biocompatibility assay with resazurin (alamarBlue) was performed on hDPSC that were exposed to pure respective compound solutions, NS-OXY-kids, NS-PHE, and 1% PHE for 10 min. RESULTS: NS-OXY-kids, NS-OXY-original, NS-PHE, and 0.025% BKC were bactericidal toward R. dentocariosa with an average ZOI of (16.33 ± 2.22 [average ± SD] mm). NS-PHE had a small but statistically significant difference (17.83 ± 3.189 mm) between NS-OXY-kids (14.67 ± 1.033 mm); 0.0125% BKC had a smaller (p < 0.05) ZOI of 10.5 ± 0.837 mm. Solutions containing solely OXY (0.025%, 0.05%) and PHE (0.2%, 1%) demonstrated no bactericidal activity but had a slight bacteriostatic inhibition in the broth inhibition assay. The commercial OTC formulations of NS-PHE and NS-OXY-kids needed to be diluted 1:10 to have near 50% metabolic activity of hDPSCs normalized to untreated control cells. CONCLUSIONS: NS-PHE and NS-OXY (both original and kids) had antimicrobial activity toward R. dentocariosa and comparable biocompatibility with hDPSCs. SNS may have both hemostatic and antimicrobial properties if used as pulpal medicaments.","journal":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","year":2025,"id":554552,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9611,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1452381,"name":"García Román","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":588305,"name":"Isha Mutreja","orcid":"0000-0002-8998-7563","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":781355,"name":"Dhiraj Kumar","orcid":"0000-0002-1008-8638","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":588306,"name":"Robert S. Jones","orcid":"0000-0002-9213-3657","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:50.112989Z","pmid":"41369231","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}