{"doi":"10.1002/cpz1.630","title":"Humanization of the Shark V<sub>NAR</sub> Single Domain Antibody Using CDR Grafting","abstract":"Abstract The variable domain of the new antigen receptor (V NAR ) of shark single domain antibodies is evolutionarily distant from the variable regions (V H ) of mammalian immunoglobulins, yet it still has complementarity‐determining regions (CDRs) that are involved in antigen recognition, therefore making it possible to humanize by grafting these CDRs to the framework of human V H homologs. Here, we show the V NAR CDR based on an analysis of currently available V NAR ‐antigen structure complexes in the global Protein Data Bank archive of 3D structure data, and describe the detailed protocol to humanize V NAR by CDR grafting, using B6 (an anti‐ Pseudomonas exotoxin V NAR ), the most common type (Type II) of shark V NAR s, as an example. Ongoing efforts will further optimize the protocol for moving shark V NAR s to the clinic for treating cancer and other human diseases. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol : Humanize shark V NAR sequence by CDR grafting Support Protocol 1 : V NAR structure prediction and comparison Support Protocol 2 : Measure binding kinetics of humanized V NAR using bio‐layer interferometry (BLI)","journal":"Current Protocols","year":2023,"id":348974,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9501,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":335071,"name":"Yaping Sun","orcid":"0000-0002-3476-7280","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344700,"name":"Jessica Hong","orcid":"0000-0001-8726-4575","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255131,"name":"Mitchell Ho","orcid":"0000-0002-9152-5405","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344394,"name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-0283-0468","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":38,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:12:10.335697Z","pmid":"36594750","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}