{"doi":"10.1002/cncr.34198","title":"Vitamin D concentrations and breast cancer incidence among Black/African American and non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women","abstract":"Background Vitamin D may protect against breast cancer. Although Black/African American women and Hispanic/Latina women have lower circulating vitamin D levels than non‐Hispanic White women, few studies have examined the association between vitamin D and breast cancer within these racial/ethnic groups. Methods The vitamin D–breast cancer association was evaluated using a case‐cohort sample of self‐identified Black/African American and non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women participating in the US‐wide Sister Study cohort. Circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in blood samples collected at the baseline from 415 women (290 Black/African American women and 125 non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women) who developed breast cancer. These were compared to concentrations in 1545 women (1084 Black/African American women and 461 Hispanic/Latina women) randomly selected from the cohort. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Over a mean follow‐up of 9.2 years, women with circulating 25(OH)D concentrations above the clinical cut point for deficiency (20.0 ng/mL) had lower breast cancer rates than women with concentrations ≤ 20 ng/mL (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61‐1.02). The inverse association was strongest among Hispanic/Latina women (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.93), with a weaker association observed among Black/African American women (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.18; P for heterogeneity = 0.13). There were no clear differences by menopausal status, follow‐up time, estrogen receptor status, or invasiveness. Neither 24,25(OH) 2 D nor the 24,25(OH) 2 D to 25(OH)D ratio were independently associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusions This prospective study supports the hypothesis that vitamin D may be protective against breast cancer incidence in women, including non‐Black Hispanic/Latina and Black/African American women. LAY SUMMARY Vitamin D may protect against breast cancer. Although women of color have lower average vitamin D levels than non‐Hispanic White women, few studies have considered the role of race/ethnicity. In a sample of self‐identified Black/African American and Hispanic/Latina women, we observed that vitamin D concentrations measured in blood were inversely associated with breast cancer, particularly among Latinas. These findings indicate that vitamin D may protect women against breast cancer, including those in racial/ethnic groups with low average circulating levels.","journal":"Cancer","year":2022,"id":263040,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9554,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":294198,"name":"Quaker E. Harmon","orcid":"0000-0002-5866-848X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242805,"name":"Chandra L. Jackson","orcid":"0000-0002-0915-8272","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388656,"name":"Mary V. Díaz-Santana","orcid":"0000-0002-3580-6405","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275137,"name":"Jack A. Taylor","orcid":"0000-0001-5303-6398","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247402,"name":"Clarice R. Weinberg","orcid":"0000-0002-7713-8556","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104612,"name":"Dale P. Sandler","orcid":"0000-0002-6776-0018","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105709,"name":"Katie M. O’Brien","orcid":"0000-0002-1931-1349","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:26:29.321923Z","pmid":"35466399","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}