{"doi":"10.1002/cbic.202100379","title":"Experimental Perspectives on Direct Visualization of Endosomal Rupture","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Endosomal escape continues to be a limiting factor in the therapeutic use of nanomaterials. Assays to visualize endosomal escape often do not decouple the endosomal/lysosomal disruption from the release of payload into the cytosol. Here, we discuss three approaches to directly probe endosomal/lysosomal rupture: calcein dye dilution, lysosome size quantification and endosome/lysosome membrane integrity visualized with a genetically engineered cell line. We apply the three assays to endosomes/lysosomes ruptured via osmotic pressure and photochemical internalization.</jats:p>","journal":"ChemBioChem","year":2021,"id":594468,"datarank":0.3596842909197557,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1521827,"name":"Ellen M. Sletten","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":172066,"name":"Rachael A. Day","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Experimental Perspectives on Direct Visualization of Endosomal Rupture","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Endosomal escape continues to be a limiting factor in the therapeutic use of nanomaterials. Assays to visualize endosomal escape often do not decouple the endosomal/lysosomal disruption from the release of payload into the cytosol. Here, we discuss three approaches to directly probe endosomal/lysosomal rupture: calcein dye dilution, lysosome size quantification and endosome/lysosome membrane integrity visualized with a genetically engineered cell line. We apply the three assays to endosomes/lysosomes ruptured via osmotic pressure and photochemical internalization.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34519410","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3200703942","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Cancer Research Coordinating Committee","grant_id":"CNR-18-524809","title":null},{"funder_name":"Collegium of University Teaching Fellows","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Hellman Fellows","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Saul Winstein Fellowship","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"UCLA","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":6,"fwci":0.9846,"citation_percentile":0.75827007,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":3},{"year":2024,"count":4},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cbic.202100379","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/cbic.202100379","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cbic.202100379","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202100379","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34519410","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Retinal and Macular Surgery","Cellular transport and secretion","Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques"],"mesh_terms":["Cytosol","Fluoresceins","Humans","Lysosomes","Osmotic Pressure","Endosomes","Photochemical Processes"],"keywords":["Endosome","Visualization","Nanotechnology","Chemistry","Cell biology","Biophysics","Computer science","Materials science","Biology","Cell","Biochemistry","Data mining","Drug Delivery","Nanoemulsions","Photochemical Internalization","Lysosome Size","Osmotic Rupture"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-27T14:39:48.636142Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}