{"doi":"10.1002/cam4.5875","title":"Cancer incidence after asthma diagnosis: Evidence from a large clinical research network in the United States","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Prior studies on the association between asthma and cancer show inconsistent results. This study aimed to generate additional evidence on the association between asthma and cancer, both overall, and by cancer type, in the United States. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 2012-2020 electronic health records and claims data in the OneFlorida+ clinical research network. Our study population included a cohort of adult patients with asthma (n = 90,021) and a matching cohort of adult patients without asthma (n = 270,063). We built Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between asthma diagnosis and subsequent cancer risk. RESULTS: Our results showed that asthma patients were more likely to develop cancer compared to patients without asthma in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.36, 99% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-1.44). Elevated cancer risk was observed in asthma patients without (HR = 1.60; 99% CI: 1.50-1.71) or with (HR = 1.11; 99% CI: 1.03-1.21) inhaled steroid use. However, in analyses of specific cancer types, cancer risk was elevated for nine of 13 cancers in asthma patients without inhaled steroid use but only for two of 13 cancers in asthma patients with inhaled steroid use, suggesting a protective effect of inhaled steroid use on cancer. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report a positive association between asthma and overall cancer risk in the US population. More in-depth studies using real-word data are needed to further explore the causal mechanisms of asthma on cancer risk.","journal":"Cancer Medicine","year":2023,"id":340903,"datarank":0.7373803693242892,"base_score":2.772588722239781,"endowment":2.772588722239781,"self_citation_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citation_network_contribution":0.32149206098832195,"self_endowment_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citer_contribution":0.32149206098832195,"corpus_percentile":72.66960625048348,"corpus_rank":3534,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":14,"citers_with_citation_signal":11,"citers_with_endowment":11,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7035,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":4.1667,"fair_percentile":4.891470498318557,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":23318,"name":"Jiang Bian","orcid":"0000-0002-2238-5429","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233707,"name":"Zhaoyi Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-4062-0867","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":437569,"name":"Jennifer N. Fishe","orcid":"0000-0001-9037-8143","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669687,"name":"Dongyu Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-7845-4630","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":48301,"name":"Dejana Braithwaite","orcid":"0000-0001-8376-5903","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263950,"name":"Thomas J. George","orcid":"0000-0002-6249-9180","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284551,"name":"Elizabeth Shenkman","orcid":"0000-0003-4903-1804","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237415,"name":"Jonathan D. Licht","orcid":"0000-0002-3942-1369","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263949,"name":"Yi Guo","orcid":"0000-0003-0587-4105","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:10:58.548803Z","pmid":"36999938","pmcid":"PMC10242315","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":18.75,"fair_i":40.0,"fair_r":16.6667,"fair_zscore":-1.1986,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":4.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"De‐identified data that support the findings of our study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.","grounded":true,"rationale":"No persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) is provided for this study's data.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"De‐identified data that support the findings of our study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.","grounded":true,"rationale":"No repository is named; the data are held by the authors, not an institutional repository.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"De‐identified data that support the findings of our study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement points to a person ('available from the corresponding authors'), which is Colavizza category 1.","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Our study population included a cohort of adult patients with asthma (n = 90,021) and a matching cohort of adult patients without asthma (n = 270,063).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The dataset's size is stated in running prose, but no itemised inventory (section, table, or list) of files or variables is given. 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[majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":16.67,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No license or reuse terms are stated for the data; the CC-BY license applies only to the article, not the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 2012–2020 electronic health records and claims data in the OneFlorida+ clinical research network.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data production is described in generic terms (EHRs and claims data) without naming specific instruments, kits, or platforms. 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Guo and Bian were funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants 5R01CA246418","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper lists specific grant numbers (e.g., 5R01CA246418) attached to funders, satisfying the award identifier requirement.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. 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Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T12:06:42.384121Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}