{"doi":"10.1002/btm2.10324","title":"<scp>3D</scp> bioprinting of an implantable xeno‐free vascularized human skin graft","abstract":"Bioengineered tissues or organs produced using matrix proteins or components derived from xenogeneic sources pose risks of allergic responses, immune rejection, or even autoimmunity. Here, we report successful xeno-free isolation, expansion, and cryopreservation of human endothelial cells (EC), fibroblasts (FBs), pericytes (PCs), and keratinocytes (KCs). We further demonstrate the bioprinting of a human skin substitute with a dermal layer containing xeno-free cultured human EC, FBs, and PCs in a xeno-free bioink containing human collagen type I and fibronectin layered in a biocompatible polyglycolic acid mesh and subsequently seeded with xeno-free human KCs to form an epidermal layer. Following implantation of such bilayered skin grafts on the dorsum of immunodeficient mice, KCs form a mature stratified epidermis with rete ridge-like structures. The ECs and PCs form human EC-lined perfused microvessels within 2 weeks after implantation, preventing graft necrosis, and eliciting further perfusion of the graft by angiogenic host microvessels. As proof-of-concept, we generated 12 individual grafts using a single donor of all four cell types. In summary, we describe the fabrication of a bioprinted vascularized bilayered skin substitute under completely xeno-free culture conditions demonstrating feasibility of a xeno-free approach to complex tissue engineering.","journal":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","year":2022,"id":242842,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":36,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.949,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":245126,"name":"Bo Jiang","orcid":"0000-0003-1261-7705","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874546,"name":"Alejandra Moncayo","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874037,"name":"Jonathan Merola","orcid":"0000-0002-9283-1893","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420679,"name":"Mohammad Z. Albanna","orcid":"0000-0002-7291-0033","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243179,"name":"W. Mark Saltzman","orcid":"0000-0002-2163-549X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243205,"name":"Jordan S. Pober","orcid":"0000-0001-5990-1071","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874036,"name":"Tânia Baltazar","orcid":"0000-0001-5071-5037","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":74,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:10.218426Z","pmid":"36684084","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}