{"doi":"10.1002/brx2.5","title":"3D printing‐based full‐scale human brain for diverse applications","abstract":"Surgery is the most frequent treatment for patients with brain tumors. The construction of full-scale human brain models, which is still challenging to realize via current manufacturing techniques, can effectively train surgeons before brain tumor surgeries. This paper aims to develop a set of three-dimensional (3D) printing approaches to fabricate customized full-scale human brain models for surgery training as well as specialized brain patches for wound healing after surgery. First, a brain patch designed to fit a wound's shape and size can be easily printed in and collected from a stimuli-responsive yield-stress support bath. Then, an inverse 3D printing strategy, called \"peeling-boiled-eggs,\" is proposed to fabricate full-scale human brain models. In this strategy, the contour layer of a brain model is printed using a sacrificial ink to envelop the target brain core within a photocurable yield-stress support bath. After crosslinking the contour layer, the as-printed model can be harvested from the bath to photo crosslink the brain core, which can be eventually released by liquefying the contour layer. Both the brain patch and full-scale human brain model are successfully printed to mimic the scenario of wound healing after removing a brain tumor, validating the effectiveness of the proposed 3D printing approaches.","journal":"Brain‐X","year":2023,"id":360458,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9482,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1111907,"name":"Cheng Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-1559-7412","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1112280,"name":"Lily Raymond","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1077032,"name":"Kellen Mitchell","orcid":"0000-0002-3035-2432","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":438328,"name":"Lai Wen","orcid":"0000-0001-9760-3403","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1111908,"name":"Ying Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-8980-1776","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1077036,"name":"Danyang Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-9220-9770","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1111909,"name":"Shu Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-2165-5471","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1077035,"name":"Yifei Jin","orcid":"0000-0003-4336-1802","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1077033,"name":"Weijian Hua","orcid":"0000-0002-5083-712X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":86,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:14:01.896928Z","pmid":"37818250","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}