{"doi":"10.1002/bit.26577","title":"A microbial–enzymatic strategy for producing chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label/><jats:p>Chondroitin sulfate has been widely used in both medical and clinical applications. Commercial chondroitin sulfate has been mainly acquired from animal tissue extraction. Here we report a new two‐step biological strategy for producing chondroitin sulfate A and chondroitin sulfate C. First, the chondroitin biosynthesis pathway in a recombinant <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis</jats:italic> strain using sucrose as carbon source was systematically optimized and the titer of chondroitin was significantly enhanced to 7.15 g/L. Then, specific sulfation transformation systems were successfully constructed and optimized by combining the purified aryl sulfotransferase IV (ASST IV), chondroitin 4‐sulfotransferase (C4ST) and chondroitin 6‐sulfotransferase (C6ST). Chondroitin sulfate A and C were enzymatically transformed from chondroitin at conversion rates of 98% and 96%, respectively. The present biological strategy has great potential to be scaled up for biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate A and C from cheap carbon sources.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","year":2018,"id":37000,"datarank":1.6335164576754706,"base_score":4.07753744390572,"endowment":4.07753744390572,"self_citation_contribution":0.611630616585858,"citation_network_contribution":1.0218858410896126,"self_endowment_contribution":0.611630616585858,"citer_contribution":1.0218858410896126,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":58,"citer_count":43,"citers_with_citation_signal":34,"citers_with_endowment":34,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":36288,"name":"Qing Li","orcid":"0000-0003-3087-4692","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27649,"name":"Hao Huang","orcid":"0000-0001-6604-0951","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11630,"name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-9301-5989","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45531,"name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-9385-7393","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":141101,"name":"Guocheng Du","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":86226,"name":"Jian Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-3707-9982","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":186301,"name":"Zhen Kang","orcid":"0000-0003-1479-3075","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":186300,"name":"Zhengxiong Zhou","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.07753744390572,"endowment":4.07753744390572,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"29484646","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2792205958","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"31670092","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":2.2346,"citation_percentile":0.86917723,"influential_citations":1,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":3},{"year":2019,"count":7},{"year":2020,"count":5},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":11},{"year":2024,"count":6},{"year":2025,"count":12},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fbit.26577","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bit.26577","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.26577","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29484646","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research","Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research","Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis","Chemistry","Medicine","Biology","Materials Science","Arylsulfotransferase","Bacillus subtilis","Biotechnology","Carbon","Chondroitin Sulfates","Culture Media","Metabolic Engineering","Sucrose","Sulfotransferases","Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases"],"mesh_terms":["Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases","Bacillus subtilis","Biotechnology","Carbon","Chondroitin Sulfates","Culture Media","Sucrose","Sulfotransferases","Arylsulfotransferase","Metabolic Engineering"],"keywords":["Chondroitin","Chondroitin sulfate","Sulfotransferase","Sulfation","Biochemistry","Chemistry","Glycosaminoglycan","Biosynthesis","Enzyme","Bacillus subtilis","Enzymatic catalysis","Glycosaminoglycan Pichia Pastoris"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:04:50.317710Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}