{"doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2224","title":"Are individual‐level risk factors for gastroschisis modified by neighborhood‐level socioeconomic factors?","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Two strong risk factors for gastroschisis are young maternal age (<20 years) and low/normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), yet the reasons remain unknown. We explored whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic position (nSEP) during pregnancy modified these associations. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1269 gastroschisis cases and 10,217 controls in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2011). To characterize nSEP, we applied the neighborhood deprivation index and used generalized estimating equations to calculate odds ratios and relative excess risk due to interaction. RESULTS: Elevated odds of gastroschisis were consistently associated with young maternal age and low/normal BMI, regardless of nSEP. High-deprivation neighborhoods modified the association with young maternal age. Infants of young mothers in high-deprivation areas had lower odds of gastroschisis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6, 3.8) than young mothers in low-deprivation areas (aOR: 6.6; 95% CI: 4.6, 9.4). Mothers of low/normal BMI had approximately twice the odds of having an infant with gastroschisis compared to mothers with overweight/obese BMI, regardless of nSEP (aOR range: 1.5-2.3). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest nSEP modified the association between gastroschisis and maternal age, but not BMI. Further research could clarify whether the modification is due to unidentified biologic and/or non-biologic factors.","journal":"Birth Defects Research","year":2023,"id":385153,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.876,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":337730,"name":"Chantel L. Martin","orcid":"0000-0003-1907-0810","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":375804,"name":"Suzan L. Carmichael","orcid":"0000-0001-6310-5924","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1153291,"name":"Müge Güçsavaş‐Çalıkoğlu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":401676,"name":"Kristin M. Conway","orcid":"0000-0001-8633-966X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":936115,"name":"Shannon Pruitt Evans","orcid":"0000-0002-9954-3720","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268654,"name":"Marcia L. Feldkamp","orcid":"0000-0001-9171-7848","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312581,"name":"Suzanne M. Gilboa","orcid":"0000-0001-7092-6667","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764526,"name":"Tabassum Z. Insaf","orcid":"0000-0003-4725-2515","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":787758,"name":"Fadi I. Musfee","orcid":"0000-0001-8210-3772","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":17736,"name":"Gary M. Shaw","orcid":"0000-0001-7438-4914","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1046426,"name":"Charles Shumate","orcid":"0000-0003-2884-2835","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379338,"name":"Martha M. Werler","orcid":"0000-0003-3392-6814","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":261928,"name":"Andrew F. Olshan","orcid":"0000-0001-9115-5128","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":375847,"name":"Tania A. Desrosiers","orcid":"0000-0003-1600-3700","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416767,"name":"the National Birth Defects Prevention Study","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":610830,"name":"Dayna T. Neo","orcid":"0000-0001-7044-7260","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:17:48.629718Z","pmid":"37439400","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}