{"doi":"10.1002/arch.21913","title":"<i>Resilin</i> is needed for wing posture in <i>Drosophila suzukii</i>","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Resilin is a protein matrix in movable regions of the cuticle conferring resistance to fatigue. The main component of Resilin is Pro‐Rresilin that polymerises via covalent di‐ and tri‐tyrosine bounds (DT). Loss of Pro‐Resilin is nonlethal and causes a held‐down wing phenotype (<jats:italic>hdw</jats:italic>) in the fruit fly <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster</jats:italic>. To test whether this mild phenotype is recurrent in other insect species, we analysed resilin in the spotted‐wing fruit fly <jats:italic>Drosophila suzukii</jats:italic>. As quantified by DT autofluorescence by microscopy, DT intensities in the trochanter and the wing hinge are higher in <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic> than in <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic>, while in the proboscis the DT signal is stronger in <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic> compared to <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic>. To study the function of Pro‐Resilin in <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic>, we generated a mutation in the <jats:italic>proresilin</jats:italic> gene applying the Crispr/Cas9 technique. <jats:italic>D. suzukii pro‐resilin</jats:italic> mutant flies are flight‐less and show a <jats:italic>hdw</jats:italic> phenotype resembling respective <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic> mutants. DT signal intensity at the wing hinge is reduced but not eliminated in <jats:italic>D. suzukii hdw</jats:italic> flies. Either residual Pro‐Resilin accounts for the remaining DT signal or, as proposed for the <jats:italic>hdw</jats:italic> phenotype in <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic>, other DT forming proteins might be present in Resilin matrices. Interestingly, DT signal intensity reduction rates in <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic> are somehow different. Taken together, in general, the function of Pro‐Resilin seems to be conserved in the Drosophila genus; small differences in DT quantity, however, allow us to hypothesise that Resilin matrices might be modulated during evolution probably to accommodate the species‐specific lifestyle.</jats:p>","journal":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","year":2022,"id":639887,"datarank":0.40620753016533157,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":588297,"name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-8572-5155","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1662860,"name":"Justin Flaven‐Pouchon","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1662861,"name":"Nicole Gehring","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1662862,"name":"Bernard Moussian","orcid":"0000-0002-2854-9500","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1662859,"name":"Steven Lerch","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"<i>Resilin</i> is needed for wing posture in <i>Drosophila suzukii</i>","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Resilin is a protein matrix in movable regions of the cuticle conferring resistance to fatigue. The main component of Resilin is Pro‐Rresilin that polymerises via covalent di‐ and tri‐tyrosine bounds (DT). Loss of Pro‐Resilin is nonlethal and causes a held‐down wing phenotype (<jats:italic>hdw</jats:italic>) in the fruit fly <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster</jats:italic>. To test whether this mild phenotype is recurrent in other insect species, we analysed resilin in the spotted‐wing fruit fly <jats:italic>Drosophila suzukii</jats:italic>. As quantified by DT autofluorescence by microscopy, DT intensities in the trochanter and the wing hinge are higher in <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic> than in <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic>, while in the proboscis the DT signal is stronger in <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic> compared to <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic>. To study the function of Pro‐Resilin in <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic>, we generated a mutation in the <jats:italic>proresilin</jats:italic> gene applying the Crispr/Cas9 technique. <jats:italic>D. suzukii pro‐resilin</jats:italic> mutant flies are flight‐less and show a <jats:italic>hdw</jats:italic> phenotype resembling respective <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic> mutants. DT signal intensity at the wing hinge is reduced but not eliminated in <jats:italic>D. suzukii hdw</jats:italic> flies. Either residual Pro‐Resilin accounts for the remaining DT signal or, as proposed for the <jats:italic>hdw</jats:italic> phenotype in <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic>, other DT forming proteins might be present in Resilin matrices. Interestingly, DT signal intensity reduction rates in <jats:italic>D. suzukii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. melanogaster</jats:italic> are somehow different. Taken together, in general, the function of Pro‐Resilin seems to be conserved in the Drosophila genus; small differences in DT quantity, however, allow us to hypothesise that Resilin matrices might be modulated during evolution probably to accommodate the species‐specific lifestyle.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"35599599","pmcid":"PMC9539844","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4281286998","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","grant_id":"MO1714/10","title":null},{"funder_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","grant_id":"unidentified","title":"unidentified"}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.8614,"citation_percentile":0.83761149,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":5},{"year":2026,"count":4}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21913","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21913","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/arch.21913","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/arch.21913","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35599599","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04290086","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9539844","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9539844","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9539844?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.21913","host_type":""},{"url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04290086v1","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21913","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Insect and Pesticide Research","Insect Resistance and Genetics","Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Animals","Drosophila","Drosophila melanogaster","Insect Control","Insect Proteins","Posture"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Drosophila","Drosophila melanogaster","Insect Control","Posture","Insect Proteins"],"keywords":["Drosophila suzukii","Drosophila melanogaster","Melanogaster","Drosophila (subgenus)","Biology","Wing","Genetics","Drosophilidae","Gene","Flight","Dityrosine","Resilin","Elastic Cuticle","[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry","Posture","590","Insect Control","[SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology","Animals","Insect Proteins","Drosophila","Molecular Biology","Research Articles"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T03:40:04.603503Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}