{"doi":"10.1002/ana.27285","title":"Timing of Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Plasma Biomarkers as Assessed by Amyloid and Tau <scp>PET</scp> Clocks","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the timing of change of Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers (Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau217, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL) from six different assay platforms, alongside established AD biomarkers, using amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET)-based AD progression timelines. METHODS: Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including 784 individuals with longitudinal amyloid PET and 359 with longitudinal tau PET, were analyzed to estimate the age at amyloid and tau PET positivity, respectively. Longitudinal plasma biomarker measurements were available from 190 individuals with an estimated amyloid PET positivity age and from 70 individuals with an estimated tau PET positivity age. In a subset of 17 clinical progressors, age at tau PET positivity strongly predicted symptom onset, allowing for estimation of symptom onset age. Biomarker trajectories based on time from amyloid or tau PET positivity or symptom onset were modelled using Generalized Additive Mixed models. Time intervals of significant biomarker change and the earliest timepoints at which biomarkers exceeded predefined abnormality thresholds were identified. RESULTS: All plasma biomarkers except NfL became abnormal prior to established thresholds for amyloid and tau PET positivity. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 became abnormal very early in both amyloid PET and tau PET timelines, while plasma GFAP became abnormal early in the tau PET timeline. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels plateaued, whereas plasma p-tau217, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL levels increased throughout the modeled disease progression. Some variations in the timing of these changes were observed across different biomarker assays. INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest that the plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 may be useful in identifying individuals with very low levels of amyloid pathology, whereas p-tau, GFAP, and NfL may be useful in staging disease progression. ANN NEUROL 2025;98:508-523.","journal":"Annals of Neurology","year":2025,"id":509935,"datarank":0.5941403757300455,"base_score":3.258096538021482,"endowment":3.258096538021482,"self_citation_contribution":0.4887144807032224,"citation_network_contribution":0.10542589502682316,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4887144807032224,"citer_contribution":0.10542589502682316,"corpus_percentile":66.80591011062118,"corpus_rank":4292,"citation_count":25,"citer_count":21,"citers_with_citation_signal":8,"citers_with_endowment":8,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6336,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":45.8333,"fair_percentile":59.49250993579945,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":301454,"name":"Duygu Tosun","orcid":"0000-0001-8644-7724","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310970,"name":"Suzanne E. Schindler","orcid":"0000-0002-1680-1465","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1365938,"name":"Isabella Hausle","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":895198,"name":"Kellen K. Petersen","orcid":"0000-0003-3195-3456","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":493642,"name":"Yan Li","orcid":"0000-0003-3673-181X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230948,"name":"Jeffrey L. Dage","orcid":"0000-0002-2192-1699","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1200599,"name":"Lei Du‐Cuny","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":860031,"name":"Ziad S. Saad","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":324861,"name":"Benjamin Saef","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353468,"name":"Gallen Triana‐Baltzer","orcid":"0000-0003-0612-1236","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":859396,"name":"David Raunig","orcid":"0000-0003-4549-1280","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1200600,"name":"Janaky Coomaraswamy","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413564,"name":"Michael V. Baratta","orcid":"0000-0001-7273-1994","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":848438,"name":"Emily A. Meyers","orcid":"0000-0002-0886-6218","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":860030,"name":"Yulia Mordashova","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":523804,"name":"Carrie E. Rubel","orcid":"0000-0003-1371-2536","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":859398,"name":"Kyle Ferber","orcid":"0000-0002-4730-6993","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":74385,"name":"Hartmuth C. Kolb","orcid":"0000-0003-2414-5792","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241104,"name":"Nicholas J. Ashton","orcid":"0000-0002-3579-8804","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27601,"name":"Henrik Zetterberg","orcid":"0000-0003-3930-4354","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":594637,"name":"Erin G. Rosenbaugh","orcid":"0000-0002-3909-9760","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1365939,"name":"Martin Sabandal","orcid":null,"position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27605,"name":"Leslie M. Shaw","orcid":"0000-0002-7650-1210","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":860026,"name":"Anthony W. Bannon","orcid":null,"position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":171833,"name":"William Z. Potter","orcid":null,"position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":872123,"name":"for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)","orcid":null,"position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":658015,"name":"Marta Milà‐Alomà","orcid":"0000-0002-5687-4597","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:47:30.942539Z","pmid":"40539416","pmcid":"PMC12335434","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":72.2222,"fair_a":37.5,"fair_i":20.0,"fair_r":33.3333,"fair_zscore":0.4506,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":45.83,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":72.22,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","grounded":true,"rationale":"A web address (URL) is given as the place the data live, not a PID scheme identifier. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","grounded":true,"rationale":"ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database is a named data repository. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement points to a repository record (ADNI LONI database) with a link, fitting Colavizza category 3. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset is described only in running prose, not in an itemised inventory. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset identifier/link appears only in body text, not as a reference-list entry. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":37.5,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper gives a route to the data (ADNI LONI) without stating a precondition, but the route is not openly accessible without registration; the text does not specify that the data are publicly available. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","grounded":true,"rationale":"No explicit access-level label is applied; the text describes an action (where to access) but does not label the level. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No gatekeeper is named for this study's data; the ADNI repository is mentioned but not as a gatekeeper with a defined process. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No sentence states when the data are available or how long they persist.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":20.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format is named for the released data.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No proper-noun data standard (e.g., MIAME, BIDS) is named for the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The annotated code used for study analyses is provided in full (see https://github.com/cind/alz-timing-mila-aloma-et-al-2025 )","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper provides a URL for the code (a GitHub repository), which is an identifier for a resource other than the paper's own dataset. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":33.33,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence is named for the data; the CC BY-NC licence applies to the article only.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"CSF Aβ42, total tau, and p‑tau181 were measured using the Elecsys® β‑amyloid (1–42), Elecsys Total‑Tau, and Elecsys Phospho‑Tau (181P) immunoassays, respectively, on a Cobas e 601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland).","grounded":true,"rationale":"Specific instruments and assays are named, providing provenance information. 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[majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"Neither a version token nor a date is given for the data snapshot.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The annotated code used for study analyses is provided in full (see https://github.com/cind/alz-timing-mila-aloma-et-al-2025).","grounded":false,"rationale":"A machine-resolvable code repository URL is given. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"National Institute on Aging 10.13039/100000049 R01AG070941 U19 AG024904 U24 AG021886","grounded":true,"rationale":"Grant numbers (R01AG070941, U19 AG024904, U24 AG021886) are provided with the funder. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence is named for the data; the CC BY-NC licence applies to the article only.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","why":"A web address (URL) is given as the place the data live, not a PID scheme identifier. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","why":"The paper gives a route to the data (ADNI LONI) without stating a precondition, but the route is not openly accessible without registration; the text does not specify that the data are publicly available. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format is named for the released data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","why":"The dataset identifier/link appears only in body text, not as a reference-list entry. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The annotated code used for study analyses is provided in full (see https://github.com/cind/alz-timing-mila-aloma-et-al-2025).","why":"A machine-resolvable code repository URL is given. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"Neither a version token nor a date is given for the data snapshot.","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","why":"The dataset is described only in running prose, not in an itemised inventory. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data from this study and the study methodology report may be accessed from the ADNI Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) database: adni.loni.usc.edu","why":"No explicit access-level label is applied; the text describes an action (where to access) but does not label the level. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In neuroimaging, describe the data with BIDS, NIfTI or DICOM.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No proper-noun data standard (e.g., MIAME, BIDS) is named for the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not mention a README, data dictionary, codebook, or any documentation object that travels with the data; variable definitions are not provided. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No gatekeeper is named for this study's data; the ADNI repository is mentioned but not as a gatekeeper with a defined process. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No sentence states when the data are available or how long they persist.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:44:14.370287Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}