{"doi":"10.1002/alz.14216","title":"Midlife and late‐life environmental exposures on dementia risk in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: The modifying effects of ApoE","abstract":"Abstract INTRODUCTION Late‐life air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk for dementia, with this effect exacerbated among apolipoprotein E‐4 (ApoE‐4) carriers. However, whether midlife occupational exposures likewise influence dementia outcomes, and varies as a function of ApoE‐4 status is unknown. METHODS Using data from 3814 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), we employed weighted logistic regression to evaluate associations between midlife occupational respiratory exposures and late‐life air pollution on all‐cause dementia risk, stratified by ApoE‐4 status. RESULTS Midlife occupational exposure was associated with increased odds of all‐cause dementia preferentially among ApoE‐4 noncarriers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, p = 0.01), whereas higher late‐life urban air pollution exposure was associated with increased dementia risk among ApoE‐4 carriers (OR = 1.258, p = 0.029). DISCUSSION Associations between environmental exposures and dementia risk vary based on the timing of exposure and ApoE‐4 status. While late‐life environmental exposures are associated with dementia among ApoE‐4 carriers, for noncarriers midlife environmental exposure confers the greatest risk. Highlights The effect of adult environmental respiratory exposures on subsequent dementia risk varies as a function of both ApoE‐4 carrier status and exposure timing. Midlife occupational exposure to respiratory hazards is preferentially associated with increased dementia odds among ApoE‐4 noncarriers. Late‐life exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with dementia risk, but only among ApoE‐4 carriers. While higher exposure to PM 2.5 increases the risk for dementia, higher exposure to ozone was associated with reduced risk for dementia among ApoE‐4 carriers.","journal":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","year":2024,"id":447929,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.929,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1043152,"name":"Ralph Trane","orcid":"0000-0001-7824-1785","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":736746,"name":"Kamil Sicinski","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36335,"name":"Pamela Herd","orcid":"0000-0002-0137-5846","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":649902,"name":"Michal Engelman","orcid":"0000-0002-3250-1921","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1254558,"name":"Sanjay Asthana","orcid":"0000-0002-3298-6324","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":347138,"name":"Victoria J. Williams","orcid":"0000-0003-1834-3987","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":71,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:02:03.354708Z","pmid":"39576060","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}