{"doi":"10.1002/alz.12787","title":"Confounding factors of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers and their impact on clinical performance","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Plasma biomarkers will likely revolutionize the diagnostic work-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) globally. Before widespread use, we need to determine if confounding factors affect the levels of these biomarkers, and their clinical utility. METHODS: Participants with plasma and CSF biomarkers, creatinine, body mass index (BMI), and medical history data were included (BioFINDER-1: n = 748, BioFINDER-2: n = 421). We measured beta-amyloid (Aβ42, Aβ40), phosphorylated tau (p-tau217, p-tau181), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS: In both cohorts, creatinine and BMI were the main factors associated with NfL, GFAP, and to a lesser extent with p-tau. However, adjustment for BMI and creatinine had only minor effects in models predicting either the corresponding levels in CSF or subsequent development of dementia. DISCUSSION: Creatinine and BMI are related to certain plasma biomarkers levels, but they do not have clinically relevant confounding effects for the vast majority of individuals. HIGHLIGHTS: Creatinine and body mass index (BMI) are related to certain plasma biomarker levels. Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on plasma-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associations. Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on prediction of dementia using plasma biomarkers.","journal":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","year":2022,"id":232295,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":222,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8473,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":230943,"name":"Shorena Janelidze","orcid":"0000-0003-2869-8378","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":477197,"name":"Nicholas Cullen","orcid":"0000-0002-6257-3387","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230948,"name":"Jeffrey L. Dage","orcid":"0000-0002-2192-1699","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228359,"name":"Randall J. Bateman","orcid":"0000-0002-7729-1702","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27601,"name":"Henrik Zetterberg","orcid":"0000-0003-3930-4354","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27600,"name":"Kaj Blennow","orcid":"0000-0002-1890-4193","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230949,"name":"Erik Stomrud","orcid":"0000-0002-0841-5580","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230942,"name":"Niklas Mattsson","orcid":"0000-0002-8885-7724","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":65584,"name":"Oskar Hansson","orcid":"0000-0001-8467-7286","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":561487,"name":"Alexa Pichet Binette","orcid":"0000-0001-5218-3337","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:21:12.348693Z","pmid":"36152307","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}