{"doi":"10.1002/ajmg.b.33052","title":"The Impact of the Parental Patterns of Morbidity and Comorbidity in the Cross‐Generational Transmission of Risk for Major Depression and Alcohol Use Disorder","abstract":"To further understand the inter-relationship of the familial transmission of major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), we examine, via a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, risks for AUD and MD in 1,244,516 individuals born in Sweden from 1970 to 1990 to intact mother-father pairs as a function of parental diagnoses of MD and/or AUD. Across the nine possible mating types, we see both direct transmission (MD → MD, AUD → AUD) and also, less strongly, indirect transmission: MD → AUD and AUD → MD. Risks in offspring accumulate with multiple affected parents, which reveals the impact of interactive effects in risk prediction. Interestingly, the risk for comorbid AUD/MD in offspring is higher when one parent has MD and the other AUD rather than when one parent has both disorders. Modest sex effects are seen, with maternal-offspring transmission sometimes significantly stronger than paternal-offspring transmission. In most comparisons, parental-offspring transmission was modestly stronger for same-sex versus opposite-sex parent-offspring pairs. These results suggest that MD/AUD comorbidity in Sweden is due, at least in part, to correlated familial liability transmitted by direct and indirect paths across generations. We could reject the hypothesis that an AUD/MD syndrome was specifically transmitted from parents to offspring.","journal":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics","year":2025,"id":572312,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9556,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1277423,"name":"Linda Abrahamsson","orcid":"0000-0002-1372-5508","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":65027,"name":"Jan Sundquist","orcid":"0000-0001-7228-5015","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":65025,"name":"Kristina Sundquist","orcid":"0000-0001-8031-279X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5333,"name":"Kenneth S. Kendler","orcid":"0000-0001-8689-6570","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:23.653298Z","pmid":"40813350","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}