{"doi":"10.1002/advs.202306683","title":"DeepFreeze 3D‐biofabrication for Bioengineering and Storage of Stem Cells in Thick and Large‐Scale Human Tissue Analogs","abstract":"3D bioprinting holds great promise for meeting the increasing need for transplantable tissues and organs. However, slow printing, interlayer mixing, and the extended exposure of cells to non-physiological conditions in thick structures still hinder clinical applications. Here the DeepFreeze-3D (DF-3D) procedure and bioink for creating multilayered human-scale tissue mimetics is presented for the first time. The bioink is tailored to support stem cell viability, throughout the rapid freeform DF-3D biofabrication process. While the printer nozzle is warmed to room temperature, each layer solidifies at contact with the stage (-80 °C), or the subsequent layers, ensuring precise separation. After thawing, the encapsulated stem cells remain viable without interlayer mixing or delamination. The composed cell-laden constructs can be cryogenically stored and thawed when needed. Moreover, it is shown that under inductive conditions the stem cells differentiate into bone-like cells and grow for months after thawing, to form large tissue-mimetics in the scale of centimeters. This is important, as this approach allows the generation and storage of tissue mimetics in the size and thickness of human tissues. Therefore, DF-3D biofabrication opens new avenues for generating off-the-shelf human tissue analogs. It further holds the potential for regenerative treatments and for studying tissue pathologies caused by disease, tumor, or trauma.","journal":"Advanced Science","year":2024,"id":439502,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9532,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":467833,"name":"Robert A. Brown","orcid":"0000-0002-0632-2102","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1251274,"name":"Daniel Benyamien Roufaeil","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":467832,"name":"Aditi Gupta","orcid":"0000-0002-4496-9775","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330652,"name":"Erika L. Lipford","orcid":"0000-0001-8235-7422","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1251275,"name":"Divya Muthusamy","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1251276,"name":"Amihai Zalzman","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":38376,"name":"Ronna Hertzano","orcid":"0000-0002-8093-6567","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1051116,"name":"Tao L. Lowe","orcid":"0000-0003-2882-0409","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397526,"name":"Joseph P. Stains","orcid":"0000-0002-1610-4694","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":467838,"name":"Michal Zalzman","orcid":"0000-0002-4689-2951","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":583286,"name":"Alok Kumar","orcid":"0000-0002-8363-2286","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":50,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:00:52.633010Z","pmid":"38183347","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}