{"doi":"10.1002/adtp.202400263","title":"Spatiotemporal Control of Immune Responses with Nucleic Acid Cocktail Vaccine","abstract":"Nucleic acid vaccines play important roles in prevention and treatment of diseases. However, limited immunogenicity remains a major obstacle for DNA vaccine applications in the clinic. To address the issue, the present study investigates a cocktail approach to DNA vaccination. In this proof-of-the-concept study, the cocktail consists of two DNAs encoding viral hemagglutinin (HA) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF), respectively. Data from the study demonstrate that recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can be substantially improved by spatiotemporal regulation of GM-CSF and HA expressions at the site of vaccination. The types of recruited APCs and their phenotypes are also controllable by adjusting the cocktail compositions. Compared to mono-ingredient vaccine, the optimized cocktail vaccine is able to enhance the anti-viral humoral and T cell immune responses. No significant systemic inflammation has been detected after either prime or boost immunization using the cocktail vaccine. Data in the study suggest that the DNA cocktail is a safe, effective, and controllable platform for improving vaccine efficacy.","journal":"Advanced Therapeutics","year":2024,"id":502950,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9552,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":225650,"name":"Andrew N. Macintyre","orcid":"0000-0002-5297-0207","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230173,"name":"Thomas H. Oguin","orcid":"0000-0001-8959-4025","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428104,"name":"Kevin R. McCarthy","orcid":"0000-0003-1016-6015","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":32982,"name":"M. Anthony Moody","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389828,"name":"Fan Yuan","orcid":"0000-0002-0687-6607","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":434110,"name":"Chunxi Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-1553-2010","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":63,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:10:27.781502Z","pmid":"40248361","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}