{"doi":"10.1002/adhm.202403043","title":"Bioprinted Micro‐Clots for Kinetic Analysis of Endothelial Cell‐Mediated Fibrinolysis","abstract":"Vascular hypo-fibrinolysis is a historically underappreciated and understudied aspect of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This paper describes the development of a micro-clot dissolution assay for quantifying the fibrinolytic capacity of endothelial cells - a key driver of VTE development. This assay is enabled using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) to bioprint microscale fibrin clots over human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Importantly, these micro-clots are orders of magnitude smaller than conventional fibrin constructs and allow HUVEC-produced plasminogen activators to mediate visually quantifiable fibrinolysis. Using live-cell time-lapse imaging, micro-clot dissolution by HUVECs is tracked, and fibrinolysis kinetics are quantified. The sensitivity of cell-driven fibrinolysis to various stimuli is rapidly tested. The physiological relevance of this convenient high-throughput assay is illustrated through treatments with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and rosuvastatin that elicit anti- and pro-fibrinolytic responses, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with baricitinib, an anti-inflammatory therapeutic found to increase cardiovascular risks after market approval, provokes an anti-fibrinolytic response - which highlights the potential role of endothelial cells in increasing VTE risk for patients receiving this drug. This endothelial cell fibrinolysis assay provides a high-throughput and versatile drug testing platform - potentially allowing for early preclinical identification of therapeutics that may beneficially enhance or adversely impair endothelial fibrinolysis.","journal":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","year":2025,"id":561194,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9674,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1463658,"name":"Kelsey Brew","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":465143,"name":"Jamie A.G. Hamilton","orcid":"0000-0003-3071-6029","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392737,"name":"Varun Kumar","orcid":"0000-0001-6867-494X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":602158,"name":"José A. Díaz","orcid":"0000-0001-5205-2118","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282621,"name":"Shuichi Takayama","orcid":"0000-0002-4385-9080","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":772768,"name":"Jonathan Chang","orcid":"0000-0003-2956-622X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:55:58.259104Z","pmid":"39887618","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}