{"doi":"10.1002/adhm.202301495","title":"Broad and Durable Humoral Responses Following Single Hydrogel Immunization of SARS‐CoV‐2 Subunit Vaccine","abstract":"Most vaccines require several immunizations to induce robust immunity, and indeed, most SARS-CoV-2 vaccines require an initial two-shot regimen followed by several boosters to maintain efficacy. Such a complex series of immunizations unfortunately increases the cost and complexity of populations-scale vaccination and reduces overall compliance and vaccination rate. In a rapidly evolving pandemic affected by the spread of immune-escaping variants, there is an urgent need to develop vaccines capable of providing robust and durable immunity. In this work, a single immunization SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine is developed that can rapidly generate potent, broad, and durable humoral immunity. Injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels are leveraged as a depot technology for the sustained delivery of a nanoparticle antigen (RND-NP) displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and potent adjuvants including CpG and 3M-052. Compared to a clinically relevant prime-boost regimen with soluble vaccines formulated with CpG/alum or 3M-052/alum adjuvants, PNP hydrogel vaccines more rapidly generated higher, broader, and more durable antibody responses. Additionally, these single-immunization hydrogel-based vaccines elicit potent and consistent neutralizing responses. Overall, it is shown that PNP hydrogels elicit improved anti-COVID immune responses with only a single administration, demonstrating their potential as critical technologies to enhance overall pandemic readiness.","journal":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","year":2023,"id":323368,"datarank":0.5456379239589579,"base_score":3.6375861597263857,"endowment":3.6375861597263857,"self_citation_contribution":0.5456379239589579,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5456379239589579,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":37,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9527,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":678631,"name":"Olivia M. Saouaf","orcid":"0000-0002-5117-7127","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259695,"name":"Jerry Yan","orcid":"0000-0001-8278-1354","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":753426,"name":"Theodora U. J. Bruun","orcid":"0000-0002-7462-2537","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":995610,"name":"Julie Baillet","orcid":"0000-0003-4670-5762","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":743676,"name":"Xueting Zhou","orcid":"0000-0002-0722-7334","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108915,"name":"Neil P. King","orcid":"0000-0002-2978-4692","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278141,"name":"Eric A. Appel","orcid":"0000-0002-2301-7126","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635907,"name":"Ben S. Ou","orcid":"0000-0002-0539-5166","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":62,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:07:52.377944Z","pmid":"37278391","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}