{"doi":"10.1002/adfm.202004942","title":"Coating of a Novel Antimicrobial Nanoparticle with a Macrophage Membrane for the Selective Entry into Infected Macrophages and Killing of Intracellular Staphylococci","abstract":"by macrophages can inactivate bacterial killing mechanisms, allowing intracellular residence and dissemination of infection. Concurrently, these staphylococci can evade antibiotics that are frequently unable to pass mammalian cell membranes. A binary, amphiphilic conjugate composed of triclosan and ciprofloxacin is synthesized that self-assemble through micelle formation into antimicrobial nanoparticles (ANPs). These novel ANPs are stabilized through encapsulation in macrophage membranes, providing membrane-encapsulated, antimicrobial-conjugated NPs (Me-ANPs) with similar protein activity, Toll-like receptor expression and negative surface charge as their precursor murine macrophage/human monocyte cell lines. The combination of Toll-like receptors and negative surface charge allows uptake of Me-ANPs by infected macrophages/monocytes through positively charged, lysozyme-rich membrane scars created during staphylococcal engulfment. Me-ANPs are not engulfed by more negatively charged sterile cells possessing less lysozyme at their surface. The Me-ANPs kill staphylococci internalized in macrophages in vitro. Me-ANPs likewise kill staphylococci more effectively than ANPs without membrane-encapsulation or clinically used ciprofloxacin in a mouse peritoneal infection model. Similarly, organ infections in mice created by dissemination of infected macrophages through circulation in the blood are better eradicated by Me-ANPs than by ciprofloxacin. These unique antimicrobial properties of macrophage-monocyte Me-ANPs provide a promising direction for human clinical application to combat persistent infections.","journal":"Advanced Functional Materials","year":2020,"id":53947,"datarank":0.7077748306942643,"base_score":4.718498871295094,"endowment":4.718498871295094,"self_citation_contribution":0.7077748306942643,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7077748306942643,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":111,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9598,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":275945,"name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1738-7857","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275946,"name":"Yijin Ren","orcid":"0000-0002-2374-1771","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275947,"name":"Linzhu Su","orcid":"0000-0002-4175-9529","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275948,"name":"Ang Li","orcid":"0000-0002-6720-4783","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275949,"name":"Yingli An","orcid":"0000-0002-8778-3292","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232161,"name":"Vincent M. Rotello","orcid":"0000-0002-5184-5439","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275950,"name":"Zhanzhan Zhang","orcid":"0009-0004-0659-0125","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275951,"name":"Yin Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-9030-2568","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275952,"name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-5694-8760","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275953,"name":"Sidi Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4000-6098","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275954,"name":"Jian Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-0095-8978","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275955,"name":"Jon D. Laman","orcid":"0000-0001-5085-9807","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275956,"name":"Linqi Shi","orcid":"0000-0002-9534-795X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275957,"name":"Henny C. van der Mei","orcid":"0000-0003-0760-8900","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275958,"name":"Henk J. Busscher","orcid":"0000-0002-3644-5533","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275944,"name":"Yuanfeng Li","orcid":"0009-0002-9139-3139","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":77,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T20:45:25.145885Z","pmid":"34737689","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}