{"doi":"10.1002/acr2.11366","title":"Serum Biomarkers of Disease Activity in Longitudinal Assessment of Patients with <scp>ANCA‐Associated</scp> Vasculitis","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Improved biomarkers of current disease activity and prediction of relapse are needed in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). For clinical relevance, biomarkers must perform well longitudinally in patients on treatment and in patients with nonsevere flares. METHODS: Twenty-two proteins were measured in 347 serum samples from 74 patients with AAV enrolled in a clinical trial. Samples were collected at Month 6 after remission induction, then every 3 months until Month 18, or at the time of flare. Associations of protein concentrations with concurrent disease activity and with future flare were analyzed using mixed-effects models, Cox proportional hazards models, and conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Forty-two patients had flares during the 12-month follow-up period, and 32 remained in remission. Twenty-two patients had severe flares. Six experimental markers (CXCL13, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18BP, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 [MMP-3]) and ESR were associated with disease activity using all three methods (P < 0.05, with P < 0.01 in at least one method). A rise in IL-8, IL-15, or IL-18BP was associated temporally with flare. Combining C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-18BP, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and sIL-2Rα improved association with active AAV. CXCL13 and MMP-3 were increased during treatment with prednisone, independent of disease activity. Marker concentrations during remission were not predictive of future flare. CONCLUSION: Serum biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage and repair have been previously shown to be strongly associated with severe active AAV were less strongly associated with active AAV in a longitudinal study that included mild flares and varying treatment. Markers rising contemporaneously with flare or with an improved association in combination merit further study.","journal":"ACR Open Rheumatology","year":2021,"id":189507,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9342,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":752833,"name":"Roscoe L. Warner","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":592161,"name":"Robert Lew","orcid":"0000-0002-6772-210X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":752183,"name":"Gunnar Tómasson","orcid":"0000-0002-1797-7091","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":25214,"name":"Ulrich Specks","orcid":"0000-0002-6559-1206","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":25215,"name":"John H. Stone","orcid":"0000-0001-6588-9435","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242666,"name":"Fernando C. Fervenza","orcid":"0000-0002-9952-209X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":752834,"name":"Gary S. Hoffman","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":25204,"name":"Cees G. M. Kallenberg","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251775,"name":"Carol A. Langford","orcid":"0000-0001-9498-321X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328460,"name":"Philip Seo","orcid":"0000-0003-3435-6737","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":280488,"name":"E. William St. Clair","orcid":"0000-0003-1181-0650","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251783,"name":"Robert Spiera","orcid":"0000-0003-2911-6800","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":752835,"name":"Kent J. Johnson","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5969,"name":"Peter A. Merkel","orcid":"0000-0001-9284-7345","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":61593,"name":"Paul A. Monach","orcid":"0000-0003-4937-0515","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":22,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:18.604374Z","pmid":"34792864","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}