{"doi":"10.1002/acn3.70158","title":"Cytokine, Chemokine, and Neurofilament Light Chain Signatures in <scp>LGI1</scp> Autoimmune Encephalitis","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of cytokine, chemokine, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations in predicting relapse risk, chronic epilepsy, and functional impairment in LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis (AE). METHODS: Cytokines/chemokines (IL-1-beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, BAFF) and NfL concentrations were measured in CSF and paired serum from LGI1-AE patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic (01/2015-02/2024), using a multiplex immunoassay system (ELLA, Bio-Techne) and correlated with clinical outcomes. A laboratory-based cohort of LGI1-IgG-positive patients and control cohorts, including patients with mixed non-inflammatory disorders (MNID), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-four patients with LGI1-AE were included; 29 (66%) were male, with a median age of 68.5 years (range, 8-85). Median time from symptom onset to CSF sampling was eight months (IQR, 3-17); 19/42 (45%) experienced a clinical relapse and 27% developed chronic epilepsy. Serum IL-6, serum and CSF IL-8/CXCL8, and IL-17A were higher in LGI1-IgG positive patients than MNID (p < 0.05). TLE cytokine/chemokine profiles were similar to LGI1 AE; AD patients had lower serum IL-6 and CSF IL-8/CXCL8 (p = 0.04; p = 0.01), and higher serum IL-17A and GM-CSF (p = 0.004; p = 0.01) than LGI1-AE. Higher CSF IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8 in LGI1-AE associated with clinical relapse (p < 0.05) and higher CSF NfL associated with chronic epilepsy (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Elevations in IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, and IL-17A were identified in this LGI1-AE cohort. CSF IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, and NfL levels are potential prognostic biomarkers for risk of relapse and chronic epilepsy in LGI1-AE.","journal":"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology","year":2025,"id":514438,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9412,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1230301,"name":"Georgios Mangioris","orcid":"0000-0001-5051-1739","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240367,"name":"Binxia Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-3043-8479","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":953361,"name":"Vanessa Pazdernik","orcid":"0000-0001-7566-7334","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":435835,"name":"Jeffrey W. Britton","orcid":"0000-0002-0147-8159","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":854269,"name":"Divyanshu Dubey","orcid":"0000-0002-4302-4075","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231250,"name":"Eoin P. Flanagan","orcid":"0000-0002-6661-2910","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236508,"name":"Sarosh R. Irani","orcid":"0000-0002-7667-9748","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":321439,"name":"Gregory S. Day","orcid":"0000-0001-5133-5538","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430676,"name":"Charles L. Howe","orcid":"0000-0002-3889-8739","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231251,"name":"A. Sebastian López‐Chiriboga","orcid":"0000-0001-5653-5600","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315042,"name":"Andrew McKeon","orcid":"0000-0001-6856-8143","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236499,"name":"John R. Mills","orcid":"0000-0003-1025-4760","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363397,"name":"Yahel Segal‬‏","orcid":"0000-0001-6452-9526","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1013117,"name":"Michel B. Tolédano","orcid":"0000-0002-3079-1179","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240899,"name":"Ivana Vodopivec","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231254,"name":"Sean J. Pittock","orcid":"0000-0002-6140-5584","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312359,"name":"Αναστασία Ζεκερίδου","orcid":"0000-0002-1960-9065","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1374402,"name":"Albert Aboseif","orcid":"0000-0001-5053-8544","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:48:29.165853Z","pmid":"40781580","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}