{"doi":"10.1002/acn3.51436","title":"Distinct progression patterns across Parkinson disease clinical subtypes","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To examine specific symptom progression patterns and possible disease staging in Parkinson disease clinical subtypes. METHODS: We recently identified Parkinson disease clinical subtypes based on comprehensive behavioral evaluations, \"Motor Only,\" \"Psychiatric & Motor,\" and \"Cognitive & Motor,\" which differed in dementia and mortality rates. Parkinson disease participants (\"Motor Only\": n = 61, \"Psychiatric & Motor\": n = 17, \"Cognitive & Motor\": n = 70) and controls (n = 55) completed longitudinal, comprehensive motor, cognitive, and psychiatric evaluations (average follow-up = 4.6 years). Hierarchical linear modeling examined group differences in symptom progression. A three-way interaction among time, group, and symptom duration (or baseline age, separately) was incorporated to examine disease stages. RESULTS: All three subtypes increased in motor dysfunction compared to controls. The \"Motor Only\" subtype did not show significant cognitive or psychiatric changes compared to the other two subtypes. The \"Cognitive & Motor\" subtype's cognitive dysfunction at baseline further declined compared to the other two subtypes, while also increasing in psychiatric symptoms. The \"Psychiatric & Motor\" subtype's elevated psychiatric symptoms at baseline remained steady or improved over time, with mild, steady decline in cognition. The pattern of behavioral changes and analyses for disease staging yielded no evidence for sequential disease stages. INTERPRETATION: Parkinson disease clinical subtypes progress in clear, temporally distinct patterns from one another, particularly in cognitive and psychiatric features. This highlights the importance of comprehensive clinical examinations as the order of symptom presentation impacts clinical prognosis.","journal":"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology","year":2021,"id":184896,"datarank":0.5275884989874424,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.1679042080676868,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.1679042080676868,"corpus_percentile":63.270673783553804,"corpus_rank":4749,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":7,"citers_with_citation_signal":5,"citers_with_endowment":5,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6364,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":4.1667,"fair_percentile":4.891470498318557,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":244216,"name":"Joshua J. Jackson","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":741461,"name":"Amber K. Clover","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":461128,"name":"Christina N. Lessov‐Schlaggar","orcid":"0000-0001-9838-3289","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":461127,"name":"Erin R. Foster","orcid":"0000-0003-1625-2125","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":465243,"name":"Baijayanta Maiti","orcid":"0000-0002-2583-4947","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52686,"name":"Joel S. Perlmutter","orcid":"0000-0003-3263-8917","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271861,"name":"Meghan C. Campbell","orcid":"0000-0003-3030-9669","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":461126,"name":"Peter S. Myers","orcid":"0000-0003-2582-691X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:34.992499Z","pmid":"34310084","pmcid":"PMC8351397","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":18.75,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":-1.1986,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":4.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No persistent identifier string (DOI, Handle, ARK, repository accession) for the dataset appears anywhere in the text.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No repository is named as the holder; the data are held by the authors (available on request).","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data presented in this report will be made available to research investigators upon request to the corresponding author.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data-availability statement points to a person (corresponding author), not a repository record, fitting Colavizza category 1.","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"For each visit, each participant had eleven assessment domains (Motor: bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, PIGD; Cognitive: attention, memory, language, visuospatial, and executive function; Psychiatric: depression, apathy), representing the original indicator variables used to define the subtypes 10 and three global domains for motor (UPDRS3 Total), cognitive (CDR‐SB), and psychiatric function (NPIQ), making fourteen domains in total.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The description of the dataset's content is given in running prose, not in an itemized inventory (section, table, or list). 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