{"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1147","title":"Habitual Short Sleep Duration, Diet, and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults","abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-4\"><jats:title>Importance</jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the interplay between sleep duration, dietary habits, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is crucial for public health and diabetes prevention strategies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-5\"><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the associations of type of diet and duration of sleep with the development of T2D.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants</jats:title><jats:p>Data derived from the UK Biobank baseline investigation (2006-2010) were analyzed for this cohort study between May 1 and September 30, 2023. The association between sleep duration and healthy dietary patterns with the risk of T2D was investigated during a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.5 (11.8-13.2) years (end of follow-up, September 30, 2021).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-7\"><jats:title>Exposure</jats:title><jats:p>For the analysis, 247 867 participants were categorized into 4 sleep duration groups: normal (7-8 hours per day), mild short (6 hours per day), moderate short (5 hours per day), and extreme short (3-4 hours per day). Their dietary habits were evaluated based on population-specific consumption of red meat, processed meat, fruits, vegetables, and fish, resulting in a healthy diet score ranging from 0 (unhealthiest) to 5 (healthiest).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures</jats:title><jats:p>Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the development of T2D across various sleep duration groups and healthy diet scores.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-9\"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The cohort comprised 247 867 participants with a mean [SD] age of 55.9 [8.1] years, of whom 52.3% were female. During the follow-up, 3.2% of participants were diagnosed with T2D based on hospital registry data. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, indicated a significant increase in the risk of T2D among participants with 5 hours or less of daily sleep. Individuals sleeping 5 hours per day exhibited a 1.16 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.05-1.28), and individuals sleeping 3 to 4 hours per day exhibited a 1.41 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.19-1.68) compared with individuals with normal sleep duration. Furthermore, individuals with the healthiest dietary patterns had a reduced risk of T2D (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.88]). The association between short sleep duration and increased risk of T2D persisted even for individuals following a healthy diet, but there was no multiplicative interaction between sleep duration and healthy diet score.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance</jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort study involving UK residents, habitual short sleep duration was associated with increased risk of developing T2D. This association persisted even among participants who maintained a healthy diet. To validate these findings, further longitudinal studies are needed, incorporating repeated measures of sleep (including objective assessments) and dietary habits.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"JAMA Network Open","year":2024,"id":613968,"datarank":0.6591673732008659,"base_score":4.394449154672439,"endowment":4.394449154672439,"self_citation_contribution":0.6591673732008659,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6591673732008659,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":80,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1581943,"name":"Elisa de Mello e Souza Meth","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1581945,"name":"André Pekkola Pacheco","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1470047,"name":"Xiao Tan","orcid":"0000-0003-3992-5812","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844095,"name":"Jonathan Cedernaes","orcid":"0000-0002-9052-8372","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1581948,"name":"Lieve Thecla van Egmond","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029997,"name":"Pei Xue","orcid":"0000-0002-0364-2936","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":851778,"name":"Christian Benedict","orcid":"0000-0002-8911-4068","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1581941,"name":"Diana Aline Nôga","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Habitual Short Sleep Duration, Diet, and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults","abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-4\"><jats:title>Importance</jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the interplay between sleep duration, dietary habits, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is crucial for public health and diabetes prevention strategies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-5\"><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the associations of type of diet and duration of sleep with the development of T2D.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants</jats:title><jats:p>Data derived from the UK Biobank baseline investigation (2006-2010) were analyzed for this cohort study between May 1 and September 30, 2023. The association between sleep duration and healthy dietary patterns with the risk of T2D was investigated during a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.5 (11.8-13.2) years (end of follow-up, September 30, 2021).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-7\"><jats:title>Exposure</jats:title><jats:p>For the analysis, 247 867 participants were categorized into 4 sleep duration groups: normal (7-8 hours per day), mild short (6 hours per day), moderate short (5 hours per day), and extreme short (3-4 hours per day). Their dietary habits were evaluated based on population-specific consumption of red meat, processed meat, fruits, vegetables, and fish, resulting in a healthy diet score ranging from 0 (unhealthiest) to 5 (healthiest).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures</jats:title><jats:p>Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the development of T2D across various sleep duration groups and healthy diet scores.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-9\"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The cohort comprised 247 867 participants with a mean [SD] age of 55.9 [8.1] years, of whom 52.3% were female. During the follow-up, 3.2% of participants were diagnosed with T2D based on hospital registry data. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, indicated a significant increase in the risk of T2D among participants with 5 hours or less of daily sleep. Individuals sleeping 5 hours per day exhibited a 1.16 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.05-1.28), and individuals sleeping 3 to 4 hours per day exhibited a 1.41 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.19-1.68) compared with individuals with normal sleep duration. Furthermore, individuals with the healthiest dietary patterns had a reduced risk of T2D (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.88]). The association between short sleep duration and increased risk of T2D persisted even for individuals following a healthy diet, but there was no multiplicative interaction between sleep duration and healthy diet score.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi240073-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance</jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort study involving UK residents, habitual short sleep duration was associated with increased risk of developing T2D. This association persisted even among participants who maintained a healthy diet. To validate these findings, further longitudinal studies are needed, incorporating repeated measures of sleep (including objective assessments) and dietary habits.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.382026634673881,"endowment":4.382026634673881,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"38441893","pmcid":"PMC10915681","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4392455510","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","grant_id":"NNF23OC0081873","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":27.9024,"citation_percentile":0.99846574,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":16},{"year":2025,"count":43},{"year":2026,"count":20}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2815684/nga_2024_oi_240073_1708613274.52617.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2815684/nga_2024_oi_240073_1708613274.52617.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1147","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38441893","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10915681","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-524483","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC10915681","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Sleep and related disorders","Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","Dietary Effects on Health","Adult","Animals","Female","Humans","Child","Male","Sleep Duration","Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","Cohort Studies","Diet","Sleep"],"mesh_terms":["Sleep Duration","Adult","Animals","Child","Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","Diet","Female","Humans","Male","Sleep","Cohort Studies"],"keywords":["Medicine","Type 2 diabetes","Hazard ratio","Confounding","Proportional hazards model","Cohort","Cohort study","Diabetes mellitus","Population","Demography","Internal medicine","Gerontology","Confidence interval","Environmental health","Endocrinology"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-02T09:57:14.415439Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}