{"doi":"10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7033","title":"COVID-19 Breakthrough Infection Among Immunocompromised Persons","abstract":"In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, Sun et al 1 examined the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection among people with or without an immunocompromising condition who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Using electronic medical record data from a large, national sample of persons who had received at least 1 dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (N = 664 722), Sun et al 1 found that immunocompromised individuals showed a higher IRR of COVID-19 breakthrough infection. The odds of a breakthrough infection also varied with the underlying immunocompromising diagnosis, with vaccinated patients who underwent a solid organ transplant being among those with the highest risk for contracting a breakthrough infection (adjusted IRR [AIRR], 2.16; 95% CI, 1.96-2.38). Increased risk for a breakthrough infection was also observed in vaccinated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (AIRR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.32) and HIV infection (AIRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.49). The observed increase in odds of a breakthrough infection with any of these immunocompromising diagnoses was independent of age, sex, and other comorbidities. 1 However, the absolute rates in all vaccinated persons remained low, as the highest breakthrough infection rate in fully vaccinated immunocompetent persons during the Delta variant wave was 7.1 per 1000 person-months.","journal":"JAMA Internal Medicine","year":2021,"id":195243,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9586,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":2823,"name":"Mary C. Nakamura","orcid":"0000-0001-8127-9426","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230293,"name":"Alfred H.J. Kim","orcid":"0000-0003-4074-0516","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":9,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:03.719152Z","pmid":"34962552","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}