{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5252","title":"The Risk of Anal Carcinoma After Anogenital Warts in Adults Living With HIV","abstract":"Importance: In the US, incidence of and mortality due to anal carcinoma are rising faster than for most other cancers. Identifying populations who have a higher risk of developing anal cancers is critical to target preventive interventions. Objective: To assess the risk of developing anal carcinoma in adults living with HIV who have a history of anogenital warts. Design, Setting, and Participants: This longitudinal cohort study included adults living with HIV from 14 clinics in Washington, DC, and at least 18 months of follow-up. Data were collected from January 1, 2011, to March 31, 2017, and analyzed from June 1, 2019, to October 31, 2020. Exposures: Development of warts in the anal or genital region identified by diagnosis codes. Main Outcomes and Measures: Individuals with anal carcinoma were identified by diagnosis codes or anal biopsy results. Results: A total of 6515 participants were enrolled (4720 male [72.4%] at birth; mean [SD] age, 49.9 [12.7] years), and 383 (5.9%) developed anogenital warts during the study period. Patients who were diagnosed with anogenital warts were more likely to subsequently develop anal carcinoma (17 of 383 [4.4%]) compared with participants without a history of anogenital warts (17 of 6132 [0.3%]) (P < .001). After adjusting for covariates, the odds of developing anal carcinoma were 12.79 (95% CI, 6.19-26.45; P < .001) times higher in individuals with a history of anogenital warts compared with individuals without a history of anogenital warts. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that adults living with HIV who have a history of anogenital warts have a substantially increased risk of developing anal carcinoma. Clinicians should counsel individuals living with HIV who have anogenital warts on this risk.","journal":"JAMA Dermatology","year":2021,"id":170542,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8902,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":444046,"name":"Morgan Byrne","orcid":"0000-0001-9996-2311","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":444045,"name":"Anne K. Monroe","orcid":"0000-0003-3201-3845","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":704192,"name":"Stephen Abbott","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":703432,"name":"Justin D. Arnold","orcid":"0000-0001-5529-0189","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":24,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:46:24.040760Z","pmid":"33439220","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}