{"doi":"10.1001/jama.2022.19040","title":"Consent Laws for Minors Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Services—Reply","abstract":"State laws that enable minors to consent independently to health care 1 have important limitations, including those raised by Mr Kels.Minor consent regimes are complex and often require the simultaneous application of multiple statutes, which makes the laws difficult to interpret and trust.Although these laws address the barrier of guardian consent for minors who are unable or unwilling to involve their guardian, 2-4 they fail to address other hurdles that may reduce minors' access to care.To seek care independently, minors depend on clinicians to decide that they have both the mental and legal capacity to make medical decisions without their guardians' permission.Often, the laws also require clinicians to make a threshold judgment about whether the type of care qualifies for minors' independent consent (eg, awaiting guardian permission would pose a threat to health).These determinations may be challenging for clinicians who are uncertain about the content of the laws, or who fear that the laws will not protect them in the event of lawsuits.As Kels emphasizes, most consent laws also give clinicians separate discretion in whether to keep minors' health information confidential from their guardians.Minors do not control these decisions; they depend on clinicians to act for their benefit.","journal":"JAMA","year":2022,"id":292277,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9481,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":260409,"name":"Kimberly M. Nelson","orcid":"0000-0001-8893-5764","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425968,"name":"Kristen Underhill","orcid":"0009-0000-0349-2846","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":3,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:42.221508Z","pmid":"36538312","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}